Panama asylum: applying for refugee status

A person in Panamanian territory or at its borders who says they need international protection can apply through the Ministry of Government's internet portal, entering their personal data, those of their basic family unit and an account of the facts behind their fear of persecution. Under article 30 of Decree 5, the claim must be lodged within six months from the working day after entry. If a written claim is impossible, it can be made orally and recorded in minutes.

The applicant fills in every section of the form, including family members and dependants, and then has an interview at ONPAR. Tell the truth and bring all documents that support your account; false or fraudulent information can lead to the claim not being admitted. Children under 18 must have a responsible adult representing them.

A recognised refugee receives from the SNM a refugee card valid for one year and renewable, and may request a work permit for the same period. The SNM's refugee unit charges B/.5 for registration and B/.10 for the card, with a copy of the ONPAR resolution, the passport and two photos; renewal requires the resolution, the expired card and B/.10. Refugees also have the right to reunite their basic family unit.

The decree applies the principles of non-return, non-expulsion, no penalty for irregular entry, non-discrimination, confidentiality, due process, family unity, the best interests of the child and free procedure. Non-return applies from the moment a person expresses, orally or in writing, the intention to seek refugee status, and includes a ban on rejection at the border.

Applicants have the right to stay legally in Panama as applicants and to access health care, education and housing. They must obey the law, follow ONPAR and CONARE decisions, carry their valid identity document at all times, report their home and work address and any change, and report a lost or stolen document immediately. Applicants may also speak with UNHCR.

The procedure has two stages: the claim and file preparation at ONPAR, then the decision by CONARE. If ONPAR does not admit the claim, the applicant has five working days from notification to file a request for reconsideration with ONPAR. If CONARE rejects the claim, a request for reconsideration can be filed within five working days of notification, and if that is rejected an appeal can be made to the Minister of Government within three working days.